What Are Operators In Python?

What Are Operators?

Operators in Python are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. They are the building blocks of any programming language and enable developers to manipulate data and variables effectively.

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides multiple types of operators, such as:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators
3. Assignment Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Membership Operators
7. Identity Operators

• Each type represents a unique purpose in programming, and these all essential for writing efficient code.
• We can do lots of thing using operators in real-world projects.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	5 + 3 → 8
–	Subtraction	5 – 3 → 2
*	Multiplication	5 * 3 → 15
/	Division	5 / 2 → 2.5
%	Modulus (Remainder)	5 % 2 → 1
**	Exponentiation	5 ** 3 → 125
//	Floor Division	5 // 2 → 2

Example:

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)  # Output: 13
print(x - y)  # Output: 7
print(x * y)  # Output: 30
print(x / y)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335
print(x % y)  # Output: 1
print(x ** y) # Output: 1000
print(x // y) # Output: 3

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False).

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	5 == 5 → True
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3 → True
>	Greater than	5 > 3 → True
<	Less than	5 < 3 → False
>=	Greater than or equal to	5 >= 5 → True
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 3 → False

Example:

a = 10
b = 20

print(a > b)  # Output: False
print(a == b) # Output: False
print(a <= b) # Output: True

3. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign	x = 5
+=	Add and assign	x += 3 → x = x + 3
-=	Subtract and assign	x -= 3 → x = x – 3
*=	Multiply and assign	x *= 3 → x = x * 3
/=	Divide and assign	x /= 3 → x = x / 3
%=	Modulus and assign	x %= 3 → x = x % 3
**=	Exponent and assign	x **= 3 → x = x ** 3
//=	Floor division and assign	x //= 3 → x = x // 3

Example:

x = 5
x += 3
print(x)  # Output: 8

x *= 2
print(x)  # Output: 16

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Description	Example
and	Returns True if both are True	True and False → False
or	Returns True if one is True	True or False → True
not	Reverses the Boolean value	not True → False

Example:

x = 10
y = 5

print(x > 5 and y < 10)  # Output: True
print(x > 10 or y < 10)  # Output: True
print(not (x > y))       # Output: False

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work on binary representations of numbers.

Operator	Description	Example
&	AND	5 & 3 → 1
`	`	OR
^	XOR	5 ^ 3 → 6
~	NOT	~5 → -6
<<	Left Shift	5 << 1 → 10
>>	Right Shift	5 >> 1 → 2

Example:

x = 5  # Binary: 0101
y = 3  # Binary: 0011

print(x & y)  # Output: 1 (Binary: 0001)
print(x | y)  # Output: 7 (Binary: 0111)
print(x ^ y)  # Output: 6 (Binary: 0110)

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators check whether a value exists in a sequence (e.g., string, list, tuple).

Operator	Description	Example
in	Returns True if present	‘a’ in ‘apple’ → True
not in	Returns True if not present	‘z’ not in ‘apple’ → True

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
print('apple' in fruits)   # Output: True
print('grape' not in fruits) # Output: True

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators compare memory locations of two objects.

Operator	Description	Example
is	Returns True if same object	x is y
is not	Returns True if not same object	x is not y

Example:

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
z = [1, 2, 3]

print(x is y)      # Output: True
print(x is not z)  # Output: True

• What is type casting in Python?
• What are numbers in Python?
• How we can use data types in Python?
• What are variables in Python?
• What are strings in Python?